如何在 Go 语言中通过 SSH 协议连接远程服务器，执行 Shell 命令，以及基于 SFTP 协议实现文件的上传和下载

这个在自动化运维、批量服务器管理、CI/CD自动化部署、配置分发、远程命令执行、容器操作中用途十分广泛

go ssh操作

依赖库

# SSH 核心库
go get golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
# SFTP 客户端库
go get github.com/pkg/sftp

package main

import (
  "errors"
  "fmt"
  "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
  "io"
  "strings"
)

func main() {
  user := "root"
  password := ""
  host := "192.168.80.166"
  port := 22
  cmder := "ls"

  sshClient, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port), &ssh.ClientConfig{
    User: user,
    Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{
      ssh.Password(password),
    },
    HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
  })
  if err != nil {
    if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "none password") {
      err = errors.New("密码错误")
      return
    }
    if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "No connection") {
      err = errors.New("服务器地址访问超时")
      return
    }
    err = errors.New("ssh连接失败 " + err.Error())
    return
  }
  defer sshClient.Close()
  session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
  if err != nil {
    err = errors.New("创建会话失败 " + err.Error())
    return
  }

  stdout, _ := session.StdoutPipe()

  fmt.Printf("ssh命令执行 %s\n", cmder)

  err = session.Run(cmder)
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Printf("ssh命令执行失败 %s\n", err)
    return
  }

  byteData, _ := io.ReadAll(stdout)
  fmt.Printf("ssh命令执行成功 %s\n", byteData)
  return
}

go sftp操作

sftp是基于ssh的ftp文件操作

package main

import (
  "errors"
  "fmt"
  "github.com/pkg/sftp"
  "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
  "io"
  "os"
  "strings"
)

func main() {
  user := "root"
  password := ""
  host := "192.168.80.166"
  port := 22

  sshClient, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port), &ssh.ClientConfig{
    User: user,
    Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{
      ssh.Password(password),
    },
    HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
  })
  if err != nil {
    if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "none password") {
      err = errors.New("密码错误")
      return
    }
    if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "No connection") {
      err = errors.New("服务器地址访问超时")
      return
    }
    err = errors.New("ssh连接失败 " + err.Error())
    return
  }
  defer sshClient.Close()

  client, err := sftp.NewClient(sshClient)
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("sftp客户端初始化失败", err)
    return
  }

  // 上传文件
  file, err := os.Open("sftp.go")
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("读取文件失败", err)
    return
  }
  remoteFile, _ := client.Create("sftp1.go")
  io.Copy(remoteFile, file)

  // 下载文件
  rFile, err := client.Open("/root/initial-setup-ks.cfg")
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("远程文件打开失败", err)
    return
  }
  localFile, _ := os.Create("initial-setup-ks.cfg")
  io.Copy(localFile, rFile)
}